Barton said he and Hill speculated some speculated that "there might be a similar effect in humans. And if so, it could be apparent in sporting contests."
The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans' response to color.
Setchell, the primatologist, agrees. "As Hill and Barton say, humans redden when we are angry and pale when we're scared. These are very important signals to other individuals," she said.
The advantage of red may be intuitively known, judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports—"though it is clearly not very widely appreciated, on a conscious level at least," Barton said.
He adds that the finding of red's advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting attire. In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study, for example, it is possible some medal winners may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage.
"That is the implication, though we cannot say that it made the difference in any one specific case," Barton said.
Meanwhile, Setchell noted—tongue-in-cheek—that a red advantage may not be limited to sports. "Going by the recent [U.S.] election results, red is indeed quite successful," she said.
16. Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcome of sports matched.
17. Hill and Barton are both interested in primates.
18. Male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate.
19. Red is not an advantage for zebra finches.
20. The red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently.
21. Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win.
22. Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sports uniforms.
答案：16. Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcomes of sports matches.答案为A(right).
相关句：They (Hill and Barton) …reached the conclusion by studying the outcomes of boxing…
The outcomes 回应上文中提到的“the team dressed in red is more likely to win”
17. Hill and Barton are both interested in primates(灵长目).
答案为A(right).
相关句：Hill and Barton got the idea for the study from a mutual interest in primates.
18. Male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate.
答案为B(wrong).
相关句：Red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.
19. Red is not an advantage for Zebra finches(斑胸草雀).
答案为B(wrong).
相关句：Scientists put red plastic rings on the legs of male Zebra females, which increased the bird’s success in finding a mate.
20. The red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently.
答案为C（not mentioned）.
21. Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win.
答案为A(right).
相关句：Across a range of sports, we find that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning.
22. Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sport uniforms.
答案为C(not mentioned)
相关句：the discovery of red’s advantage might lead to new regulations on sports uniforms.
第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
How technology pushes down price
23.Paragraph 1
24.Paragraph 2
25.Paragraph 3
26.Paragraph 4
A. Huge retailers force producers to cunt costs
B. Consumers like supermarkets
C. Technology helps reduce food prices
D. Food comes cheaper in larger portions
E. Chain stores provide better service
F. Bigger supermarkets offer lower prices
27. Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy in___
28. Some food producers have reduced___
29. Besides cutting its workforce, unilever also abandoned its___
30. Buyers like bigger portion because they think they have got___
A. their workforce
B. huge portions
C. large quantities
D. their money
E. a good barging
F. minor brands
答案：23．C technology helps reduce food prices
24. F bigger supermarkets offer lower prices
25. A. Huge retailers force producers to cut costs
26．D． food comes cheaper in larger portions
27. Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy ___.答案为C: in bulk = in large quantities
28. Some forced producers have reduced ___答案为F。minor brands
29．Besides cutting its cost, Unilever also abandoned its ____答案为A. their workforce
30．Buyers like big portions because they think they have got ___.答案为E。a good bargain = a better deal |
